Frequently Asked Questions: TURBT

General Questions

What is TURBT? TURBT stands for Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor. It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat bladder cancer. It allows the surgeon to remove visible tumors from the bladder wall and send them to a lab to determine the type and stage of cancer.

Why do I need a TURBT? You typically need a TURBT if an imaging test (like an ultrasound or CT scan) or a cystoscopy (a camera look into the bladder) has identified a suspicious growth or tumor in your bladder. The procedure serves two purposes: to remove the growth and to provide a biopsy for accurate diagnosis.

Is this a major surgery? TURBT is considered a common, minimally invasive procedure. It is done entirely through the urethra (the natural urinary channel), so there are no cuts or incisions on the outside of your body.

The Procedure

What kind of anesthesia will I have? Most patients receive spinal anesthesia (which numbs the lower half of the body) or general anesthesia (where you are completely asleep). Your anesthetist will discuss the best option for you based on your medical history.

How long does the surgery take? The procedure usually takes between 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the size and number of tumors being removed.

How is the tumor removed? The surgeon inserts a specialized instrument called a resectoscope into the bladder through the urethra. This tool has a wire loop at the end that uses electrical energy to cut (resect) the tumor and seal blood vessels to minimize bleeding.

Recovery & Aftercare

Will I have a catheter after surgery? Yes, most patients will wake up with a urinary catheter (a soft tube) in their bladder to drain urine. This helps flush out any blood or small clots and allows the bladder to heal. It is typically kept for 1 to 2 days.

When can I go home? Most patients are discharged 1 or 2 days after surgery, once the catheter is removed and they are able to urinate on their own comfortably.

Is it normal to see blood in my urine? Yes. It is very common to see pink or slightly red urine for a few weeks after surgery. You may also pass small scabs or clots as the healing process continues. Drinking plenty of water (2–3 liters daily) helps flush the bladder and clear the urine.

When can I return to work? Most people can return to desk jobs or light activities within 3 to 5 days after the catheter is removed. You should avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for at least 2 weeks.

Risks & Pathology

What are the risks of TURBT? While safe, risks can include:

Bleeding: Blood in the urine is common, but heavy bleeding is rare.

Infection: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur.

Perforation: In rare cases, the instrument may make a small hole in the bladder wall, which usually heals with extended catheter drainage.

What happens after the surgery? The removed tissue is sent to a pathology lab. The results usually take 5 to 7 days. Based on these results (the grade and stage of the cancer), your urologist will decide if you need further treatment, such as intravesical therapy (medicine put directly into the bladder) or further surgery.